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        系统架构师
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        <span itemprop="name">云雪</span>
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    <h3 id="1-计算机组成结构"><a href="#1-计算机组成结构" class="headerlink" title="1.计算机组成结构"></a>1.计算机组成结构</h3><h4 id="1-1CPU组成："><a href="#1-1CPU组成：" class="headerlink" title="1.1CPU组成："></a>1.1CPU组成：</h4><ul>
<li>运算器<ul>
<li>算术逻辑单元ALU：数据的算术运算和逻辑运算</li>
<li>累加寄存器AC：通用寄存器，为ALU提供一个工作区，用在暂存数据</li>
<li>数据缓冲寄存器DR：写内存时，暂存指令或数据</li>
<li>状态条件寄存器PSW：存状态与控制状态</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>控制器<ul>
<li>程序计数器PC：存储下一条要执行指令的地址</li>
<li>指令寄存器IR：存储即将执行的指令</li>
<li>指令译码器IR：对指令中的操作码字段进行分析解释</li>
<li>时序部件：提供时序控制信号</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="1-2冯-诺伊曼结构与哈佛结构的区别"><a href="#1-2冯-诺伊曼结构与哈佛结构的区别" class="headerlink" title="1.2冯.诺伊曼结构与哈佛结构的区别"></a>1.2冯.诺伊曼结构与哈佛结构的区别</h4><ul>
<li>冯.诺依曼结构也称为普林斯顿结构，是一种将程序指令存储器和数据存储器合并在一起的存储器结构。<ul>
<li>特点：<ul>
<li>一般用于PC处理器，如i3,i5,i7处理器</li>
<li>指令与数据存储器合并在一起</li>
<li>指令与数据都通过相同的数据总线传输</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>哈佛结构是一种将程序指令存储和数据存储分开的存储结构。哈佛结构是一种并行体系结构，它的主要特点是</li>
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